脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植枸杞的效果研究

利用燃煤电厂脱硫石膏改良盐碱地对于废弃物资源化利用和发展循环经济具有重要意义。选择具有典型代表性的宁夏西大滩碱化土壤,采用两因素随机区组田间实验设计,进行脱硫石膏改良碱化土壤种植枸杞的效果实验研究。研究表明脱硫石膏施用量和施用深度不同,对于降低土壤碱化度、总碱度和pH值,改良土壤碱性的效果不同;脱硫石膏施用量不同,对于促进枸杞枝条和径杆的生长不同。施用量24 000 kg/hm2较48 000 kg/hm2提高枸杞枝条生长量10.5%～18.7%、径杆生长量10.5%～18.7%;脱硫石膏施用量24 000 kg/hm2,施用深度60 cm更有利于提高枸杞红果体积、红果鲜重和产量。脱硫石膏施用量24 000 kg/hm2,施用深度60 cm较未施脱硫石膏提高枸杞红果体积、红果鲜重和产量分别为28.3%、15.0%和37.9%。     

水样中常见金属离子的快速测定

研究了用高效毛细管电泳对自来水水样中常见金属离子的快速测定方法。结果表明,K+、Na+、Li+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Ba2+、Sr2+7种离子在8 min内可全部分离,回收率为98.0%~103.3%。峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差分别在3.2%和1.1%以下,重现性较好,具有较高的检测灵敏度。     

改进钒基SCR脱硝催化剂的抗碱金属中毒性能

以锐钛矿型二氧化钛和钛钨粉(5%WO3-TiO2)为载体,制备了系列钒和钨负载量不同的钒钛催化剂,考察碱金属和碱土金属(钾、钠和钙)对催化剂在氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)氮氧化物反应中催化活性的影响。钾、钠和钙对钒钛催化剂的中毒影响大小顺序为钾钠钙。提高钒钛催化剂中钒的含量可显著提高催化剂的SCR活性和抗碱金属中毒性能,但高钒负载量(4.5%V2O5)造成催化剂氮气选择性明显下降,氧化亚氮生成显著增加。钨的添加有利于提高钒钛催化剂的低温活性和抗碱金属中毒性能,对氮气选择性无明显影响。     

大连某港口含酸碱废水处理工程设计方案

采用沉淀 气浮 过滤的废碱处理工艺和采用沉淀 滗水器 过滤的废酸处理工艺处理大连某港口含酸碱类废水,介绍了该工艺的方案、主要构筑物、设备及参数等.实践证明,该工艺对酸碱废水的处理是成功的.该工艺是一种新型高效、经济实用的酸碱废水回用的处理方法,具有很好的推广价值.     

碱提取-丙基化衍生法同时测定土壤中的甲基汞和乙基汞

建立了碱提取-丙基化衍生方式同时测定土壤中甲基汞和乙基汞的方法。优化了仪器分析条件，研究了碱提取温度、提取时间、缓冲溶液加入量和衍生化试剂加入量对测定结果的影响。应用本方法对5种实际土壤样品进行测定，甲基汞和乙基汞的方法检出限分别为0.5 μg/kg和0.3 μg/kg，相对标准偏差分别为1.3%~17%和0.94%~16%，平均回收率分别为88.2%~110%和66.1%~110%。该法适用于批量土壤样品中甲基汞和乙基汞的分析测定。     

双碱法脱硫工艺改进及脱硫塔设计分析

改进优化传统双碱法烟气脱硫工艺，对脱硫塔及附属设施设计要点进行分析，在山西某化工厂2×55t/h三废炉烟气脱硫工程中得到较好运用，为同类烟气脱硫工程提供参考。     

Data fusion modeling for groundwater systems

Engineering projects involving hydrogeology are faced with uncertainties because the earth is heterogeneous, and typical data sets are fragmented and disparate. In theory, predictions provided by computer simulations using calibrated models constrained by geological boundaries provide answers to support management decisions, and geostatistical methods quantify safety margins. In practice, current methods are limited by the data types and models that can be included, computational demands, or simplifying assumptions. Data Fusion Modeling (DFM) removes many of the limitations and is capable of providing data integration and model calibration with quantified uncertainty for a variety of hydrological, geological, and geophysical data types and models. The benefits of DFM for waste management, water supply, and geotechnical applications are savings in time and cost through the ability to produce visual models that fill in missing data and predictive numerical models to aid management optimization. DFM has the ability to update field-scale models in real time using PC or workstation systems and is ideally suited for parallel processing implementation. DFM is a spatial state estimation and system identification methodology that uses three sources of information: measured data, physical laws, and statistical models for uncertainty in spatial heterogeneities. What is new in DFM is the solution of the causality problem in the data assimilation Kalman filter methods to achieve computational practicality. The Kalman filter is generalized by introducing information filter methods due to Bierman coupled with a Markov random field representation for spatial variation. A Bayesian penalty function is implemented with Gauss–Newton methods. This leads to a computational problem similar to numerical simulation of the partial differential equations (PDEs) of groundwater. In fact, extensions of PDE solver ideas to break down computations over space form the computational heart of DFM. State estimates and uncertainties can be computed for heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity fields in multiple geological layers from the usually sparse hydraulic conductivity data and the often more plentiful head data. Further, a system identification theory has been derived based on statistical likelihood principles. A maximum likelihood theory is provided to estimate statistical parameters such as Markov model parameters that determine the geostatistical variogram. Field-scale application of DFM at the DOE Savannah River Site is presented and compared with manual calibration. DFM calibration runs converge in less than 1 h on a Pentium Pro PC for a 3D model with more than 15,000 nodes. Run time is approximately linear with the number of nodes. Furthermore, conditional simulation is used to quantify the statistical variability in model predictions such as contaminant breakthrough curves.     

非营养缺陷型原生质体融合选育角蛋白酶生产菌

以两性霉素B抗性作为标记,通过单株灭活,进行栖土曲霉种内非营养缺陷型原生质体融合.在40%的PEG(Mr＝6000)促融下,融合频率为1.62×10-5.连续传接10代后,获得稳定的融合子.对孢子体积、核DNA含量、生长速度进行了测定,并利用RAPD技术分析比较了亲本及融合子的基因组DNA指纹多态性,证明融合子为杂合二倍体,产角蛋白酶活力较亲本显著提高.图3表4参17     

生态修复植物蜈蚣草中砷的回收

采用管式炉高温热解-NaOH-Na₂CO₃混合液碱浸-CuSO₄·5H₂O沉淀的方法回收生态修复植物蜈蚣草中的砷，最终得到产品砷酸铜。该方法的最佳工艺条件为：热解温度600 ℃，热解时间30 min，CaO加入量（CaO与蜈蚣草的质量比）8%； m（NaOH）∶m（Na₂CO₃）=1∶3，碱浸温度70 ℃， 碱浸时间2 h， 固液比1∶10； 沉淀反应pH 5， 沉淀反应温度70 ℃。采用该方法处理生态修复植物蜈蚣草，得到产品砷酸铜的纯度为93%，砷回收率达88%。     

改进型生物质阴离子交换纤维制备及吸附性能

用氢氧化钠水溶液预处理,以乙二胺作交联剂,采用环氧氯丙烷和二甲胺对网状植物丝瓜络纤维进行化学改性,制备出改性丝瓜络阴离子交换纤维(LS-AEF),重点探讨了LS-AEF的形态特征并对其形态特征进行了表征分析,还考察了碱预处理对产品吸附水体中的NO-3的影响。研究结果表明,(1)LS-AEF引入带正电的胺基基团,可以提高对NO-3的吸附性能;(2)乙二胺剂量对产品吸附性能影响比较大,最佳剂量为9 mL,吸附率达到75%;(3)碱性预处理能够显著提高产品的吸附性能,碱处理前后的产品吸附率分别为76%和85%;(4)吸附过程符合伪二级动力学方程。